Development requires planning, policymaking and management in all stages of preparation of the vision, strategy and implementation. Attempts have been made to show that division of labor and specialization of science on the side of some philosophies involve threatening influence of technocracy on policymaking. Technocracy ultimately prevents development from moving towards the direction of public welfare. Hence, in order to have suitable indigenous development and progress, we need philosophical backgrounds as suitable contexts for possibility of criticism and reformation of policymaking.

Information Technology is a revolution that changes all aspect human life. Aspect politic also fundamental change in the information age. In this article writer describe and analysis Technology as infrastructure behavior human. Technology not also instrument that help human to change environment, but is a worldview that shape the culture and all the meaning of life. The question this research is what is the possibility of information Technology in politics? To entrance cyber in politic, some subject visible cyber war, digital democracy, cosmopolitan citizen and E-government. For answer main question focusing to texts that meaning politic. Politic in one text identified action government and information Technology caused important change to this. E-government is applying changing role - and function state. Second text politic is related to people and digital democracy is the role of citizen for high participation in politics and transparent power for responsibility. Third text politic that changed in information age is war that functions relating to security. Cyber, media and soft war is relating to change face war in postmodern age. Forth text is diplomacy that function related to achievement national interest in international relation. State in postmodern age used public and digital diplomacy for organized foreign affair. In this article analyzed evolution of texts politic in information age.

Information and communication Technology (ICT) as a generic Technology has widespread application in all countries. It has become engines for social and economic growth globally. So, governments have formulated plans to use this Technology in their countries. The sector is subject to a general lack of long-term policy experience due to its overall newness. This means that reliance on others’ experience should be avoided. The aim of this paper is to identify a new method for policymakers to develop ICT implementation in Iran. For this purpose, the Iranian expert's opinion related to the ICT development is considered. The experts comprise both academic and practical managers in the ICT field. A questionnaire is designed to gather information from the experts. Six dimensions of the ICT development policymaking are included in designing the questionnaire. The results of the article show that the government has an important responsibility in the development of the ICT in Iran.

Lack of establishment of coherent systems of Knowledge management in energy policymaking network, considering the dispersion and changes in the policy actors of this field and the effect of their specialized Knowledge and experience on the quality of policymaking, It will force the government and related organizations to undertake a chief part of the costs of the trial and error and previous experiences for the following policies again. Therefore, this research with an inductive approach and using the qualitative method of thematic analysis and using the MAXQDA software seeks to develop a pattern for Knowledge management in the country's energy policymaking network. For this purpose, after examining the theoretical foundations and analyzing the relevant documents and laws, number of 19 people of experts was interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. Based on them, 99 basic themes; 32 organizing themes and 7 global themes have been identified. The validity of the results has been examined and the reliability of the research has been confirmed by calculating the percentage of agreement observed between different coding. Finally, the concepts; dimensions and factors affecting on Knowledge management in the policymaking network of the energy field including the network of Activists, policy network, Knowledge infrastructure, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge retention, Knowledge sharing, and Knowledge application, and their relationship with each other has been extracted and the final pattern of this research has been proposed.

During the Holy Defense period, Iran faced a wide military sanction from Western and Eastern countries. The armed forces, using the facilities available in their creative and innovative forces, worked with all their might and ended the imposed war with courage, perseverance, innovation and creativity with victory. In these years, Iran's defense orientation in the field of weapons and military achievements has been based on security needs. Therefore, the industrial growth and development in various sectors in the field of military products production, including weapons and armor, naval, missile, air, etc., has gained a new boost, and it doubles the need to pay attention to politics by taking advantage of the lessons learned from the holy defense. The purpose of this research is to compile lessons learned from the holy defense in the policy making of defense science and Technology. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting library information is using a phishing tool. The results of the research show that the policy making of defense science and Technology is influenced by the factors of the perspective of the armed forces, mission and mission, environment (internal and external), defense policies, defense strategy, doctrine and principles of war, which can have strategic consequences in the organizational structure, human capital, Bring education, research, Technology and defense equipment and weapons.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from Technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science and Technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and Technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and Technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

Purpose: In the modern world, on the one hand, we are witnessing an increase in diversity, multiplicity, speed, extent, and intensity of changes, and on the other hand, an increase in the complexity of the relationships of world phenomena. The current chaotic era is called the era based on Knowledge. Today, we are facing the expansion of interdisciplinary sciences in social, economic, political and technological institutions. Therefore, the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) tries to align with social developments and in line with the realization of the idea of creating desirable futures and long-term Policy-Making and planning; Choosing futures studies as a priority and prerequisite in the field of policy making and planning in the university system. In line with the realization of this strategy, a forward-looking article has been written with the aim of the necessity of applying future studies in the Policy-Making process and in line with the realization of the desired future in the field of research and Technology of the MSRT. The results of this article will be able to evaluate or modify a wide range of current actions in the field of research in the form of recommendations and policy packages.Method: To identify the key factors, forces, and threats caused by changes and opportunities, as well as to provide appropriate policy strategies and measures with a qualitative-exploratory approach of library study methods, document review, in-depth and semi-structured interviews; questionnaire; expert meetings; Data coding and Grounded Theory were used.Findings: review and analysis...

Purpose: In the modern world, on the one hand, we are witnessing an increase in diversity, multiplicity, speed, extent, and intensity of changes, and on the other hand, an increase in the complexity of the relationships of world phenomena. The current chaotic era is called the era based on Knowledge. Today, we are facing the expansion of interdisciplinary sciences in social, economic, political and technological institutions. Therefore, the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) tries to align with social developments and in line with the realization of the idea of creating desirable futures and long-term Policy-Making and planning; Choosing futures studies as a priority and prerequisite in the field of policy making and planning in the university system. In line with the realization of this strategy, a forward-looking article has been written with the aim of the necessity of applying future studies in the Policy-Making process and in line with the realization of the desired future in the field of research and Technology of the MSRT. The results of this article will be able to evaluate or modify a wide range of current actions in the field of research in the form of recommendations and policy packages.Method: To identify the key factors, forces, and threats caused by changes and opportunities, as well as to provide appropriate policy strategies and measures with a qualitative-exploratory approach of library study methods, document review, in-depth and semi-structured interviews; questionnaire; expert meetings; Data coding and Grounded Theory were used.Findings: review and analysis...

Science and Technology play a key role in most fields in the world today. This role is particularly very crucial in the fields of policymaking, engineering education and public sphere. Hence, the nature and quality of their relationship is very important. With regard to the relationship between the two, public opinion often maintains that Technology is applied science. The main objective of this paper is to study and critically review the said belief through theoretical and empirical arguments. Attempts have been made to show that this reading of the relationship between science and Technology is not correct nor is it precise and hence requires revision and redefinition. Finally, some suggestions are given regarding the alternative type of relationship between science and Technology.